Soil algae enzymes and their biotechnological applications

Enzymes: principles and biotechnological applications

Enzymes are biological catalysts (also known as biocatalysts) that speed up biochemical reactions in living organisms, and which can be extracted from cells and then used to catalyse a wide range of commercially important processes. This chapter covers the basic principles of enzymology, such as classification, structure, kinetics and inhibition, and also provides an overview of industrial appl...

Current Technological Improvements in Enzymes toward Their Biotechnological Applications

Enzymes from extremophiles are creating interest among researchers due to their unique properties and the enormous power of catalysis at extreme conditions. Since community demands are getting more intensified, therefore, researchers are applying various approaches viz. metagenomics to increase the database of extremophilic species. Furthermore, the innovations are being made in the naturally o...

Thermoactive Enzymes in Biotechnological Applications

Carbonic Anhydrases and Their Biotechnological Applications

The carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are mostly zinc-containing metalloenzymes which catalyze the reversible hydration/dehydration of carbon dioxide/bicarbonate. The CAs have been extensively studied because of their broad physiological importance in all kingdoms of life and clinical relevance as drug targets. In particular, human CA isoform II (HCA II) has a catalytic efficiency of 108 M-1 s-1, appro...

17. Bacterial Siderophores and their Biotechnological applications

Siderophore is the Greek phrase for “iron bearer” and is applied to molecules that can bind metals at very high affinities. Marine bacteria as do their terrestrial counterparts, secrete siderophores, which are small peptide molecules, readily assembled by short dedicated metabolic pathways which contain side chains and functional groups that can provide a high affinity set of ligands for coordi...